1."Enrollment"是登記或招募的過程。在這個階段,研究人員會收集參與實驗或研究的對象或群體。這可能涉及招募人類參與者,比如在臨床試驗中,或者選擇使用的數據集,比如在數據分析的情況下。這個階段是定義和選擇你希望研究的對象。 2."Evaluation"是評估或評價的過程。現在,你已經有了你的對象或數據,你需要開始收集和評價信息。可能是進行實驗,例如測試新的藥物,或者評價數據的質量,或者收集信息,例如進行問卷調查。這個階段的目的是獲得關於你的對象或現象的深入理解。 3."Analysis"是分析的過程。這個階段涉及對你已經收集和評估的數據進行深入的分析和解釋。目標是瞭解這些數據背後的趨勢,模式或者結果的意義。可能包括統計分析、結果的解釋,以及將這些結果放在更大的研究框架或理論中。
IgG自體抗體是一種免疫蛋白,它們通常在免疫系統對人體自身的組織發揮攻擊作用的情況下出現,這些情況常見於自身免疫疾病。 關於熱度圖,它是一種以顏色差異來表示資料值的可視化技術。在IgG自體抗體的情況下,熱度圖可能被用來表示不同樣本、個體或測試中自體抗體的相對或絕對量。 在熱度圖中,我們將看到一個格子化的圖表,每一行可能代表一個特定的樣本或者測試,而每一列則代表一種特定的IgG自體抗體。每個格子(或單元格)的顏色會基於該樣本中該自體抗體的量或者存在的程度來變化。通常,顏色越深表示值越高,顏色越淺則表示值越低。 透過熱度圖,研究人員能夠快速地看到哪些樣本具有高度的自體抗體表現,哪些具有較低的表現,或者是否存在任何樣本群體之間的特定模式或趨勢。這可能有助於他們更加深入理解自身免疫疾病的特點並導向後續的研究方向。
曼哈頓圖是一種常用於基因體廣義關聯研究(GWAS)中來視覺化數據的圖表。而HLA(人類白細胞抗原)是我們身體免疫系統中一種重要的蛋白質,它在身體識別外來物(如細菌或病毒)和自己的細胞中起著關鍵作用。
Identification of a public TCR from the blister cells of patients with CBZ-SJS/TEN. The TCR repertoire of samples was analyzed by next-generation sequencing. a The frequencies of TRBV12-4 gene usage were significantly higher in PBMC (n = 11) and blister cells (n = 7) of patients with CBZ-SJS/TEN, when compared with the PBMC of CBZ-tolerant controls (n = 12). The results are expressed as mean ± s.e.m. with each dot representing the data of an individual. Statistical analysis was generated using an unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t test. **P < 0.01. b A representative TRBV–TRBJ junction Circos plot of blister cells of a CBZ-SJS/TEN patient (case 4). Arcs correspond to different V and J segments. Ribbons represent V/J pairings with sizes scaled to pairing frequency. c The mean frequencies (%) of TRBV/TRBJ pairings in the blister cells from CBZ-SJS/TEN patients (n = 7). The x- and y-axis represent the TRBV and TRBJ regions, respectively, and the z-axis indicates the mean frequencies of TCRβ rearrangements. d The pairwise overlap Circos plot shows the overlapping CDR3 clonotypes among the seven blister samples of cases 1–7. e Treemaps of TCRβ CDR3 clonotypes for the representatives of blister cells of patients with CBZ-SJS/TEN (upper panel) and the PBMC of CBZ-tolerant controls (lower panel). Colors represent individual specific CDR3 clonotypes, and the area of each color square represents the frequency in the sample. The specific TCRβ CDR3 “ASSLAGELF” is labeled in red. f The frequencies of “CDR3 ASSLAGELF cluster” which includes the TCR clonotypes carrying similar CDR3 sequences with one amino acid difference in the blister cells of CBZ-SJS/TEN patients. g, h Flow-cytometry analysis of the cell populations expressing the markers of CD4, CD8, CD56, TRBV 12–3/12–4, CD45RA, and CD197 in the blister cells of patients with CBZ-SJS/TEN
Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) are a group of serious clinical conditions caused by immune reaction to certain drugs. The allelic variance of human leukocyte antigens of HLA-B*13:01 has been strongly associated with hypersensitivities induced by dapsone (DDS). T-cell receptor mediated activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) has also been suggested to play an essential role in pathogenesis of SCARs. However, HLA-B*13:01-DDS-TCR immune synapse that plays role in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) associated T cells activation remains uncharacterized.
1: Huang YH, Chen YC, Ho WM, Lee RG, Chung RH, Liu YL, Chang PY, Chang SC, Wang CW, Chung WH, Tsai SJ, Kuo PH, Lee YS, Hsiao CC. Classifying Alzheimer's disease and normal subjects using machine learning techniques and genetic-environmental features. J Formos Med Assoc. 2023 Dec 2:S0929-6646(23)00439-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.10.021. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38044212. 2: Hung SI, Chu MT, Hou MM, Lee YS, Yang CK, Chu SY, Liu FY, Hsu HC, Pao SC, Teng YC, Chen CB, Chao A, Chung WH, Chang JW, Lai CH. Personalized neoantigen- based T cell therapy triggers cytotoxic lymphocytes expressing polyclonal TCR against metastatic ovarian cancer. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Dec 31;169:115928. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115928. Epub 2023 Nov 26. PMID: 38011788. 3: Chen HC, Wang CW, Toh WH, Lee HE, Chung WH, Chen CB. Advancing Treatment in Bullous Pemphigoid: A Comprehensive Review of Novel Therapeutic Targets and Approaches. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2023 Oct 28. doi: 10.1007/s12016-023-08973-1. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37897588. 4: Hsueh KC, Ju PC, Hsieh YH, Su SC, Yeh CB, Lin CW. HO-3867, a curcumin analog, elicits cell apoptosis and p38-mediated caspase activation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Environ Toxicol. 2023 Oct 2. doi: 10.1002/tox.23977. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37782689. 5: Yeh JC, Chen YT, Chou YE, Su SC, Chang LC, Chen YL, Lin CW, Yang SF. Interactive effects of CDKN2B-AS1 gene polymorphism and habitual risk factors on oral cancer. J Cell Mol Med. 2023 Nov;27(21):3395-3403. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.17966. Epub 2023 Sep 19. PMID: 37724356; PMCID: PMC10623535. 6: Wang CW, Wu MY, Chen CB, Lin WC, Wu J, Lu CW, Chen WT, Wang FY, Hui RC, Chi MH, Chiu TM, Chang YC, Lin JY, Lin YY, Tsai WT, Hung SI, Chung WH. Clinical characteristics and immune profiles of patients with immune-mediated alopecia associated with COVID-19 vaccinations. Clin Immunol. 2023 Oct;255:109737. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109737. Epub 2023 Aug 14. PMID: 37586672. 7: Chen CB, Hung WK, Wang CW, Lee CC, Hung SI, Chung WH. Advances in understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutic implications of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: an updated review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 29;10:1187937. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1187937. PMID: 37457584; PMCID: PMC10338933. 8: Huang YW, Chung WH, Chen CB. Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji following COVID-19 vaccination. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023 Dec;37(12):e1360-e1362. doi: 10.1111/jdv.19294. Epub 2023 Jul 21. PMID: 37369630. 9: Wang CW, Chen CB, Lu CW, Chen WT, Hui RC, Chiu TM, Chi MH, Lin JC, Huang YH, Chang YC, Wu J, Chen KY, Lin YY, Ger TY, Lin JY, Tsai WT, Pan YJ, Chung WH. Characteristics of immune response profile in patients with immediate allergic and autoimmune urticarial reactions induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. J Autoimmun. 2023 Jul;138:103054. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103054. Epub 2023 May 15. PMID: 37245259; PMCID: PMC10183637. 10: Wung CH, Wang CW, Lai KC, Chen CB, Chen WT, Hung SI, Chung WH; Taiwan Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction Consortium. Current understanding of genetic associations with delayed hypersensitivity reactions induced by antibiotics and anti-osteoporotic drugs. Front Pharmacol. 2023 Apr 26;14:1183491. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1183491. PMID: 37180708; PMCID: PMC10169607. 11: Wang CY, Wang CW, Chen CB, Chen WT, Chang YC, Hui RC, Chung WH. Pharmacogenomics on the Treatment Response in Patients with Psoriasis: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Apr 15;24(8):7329. doi: 10.3390/ijms24087329. PMID: 37108492; PMCID: PMC10138383. 12: Chen CB, Wang CW, Chung WH. TNF-α Blockade Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase 9-Mediated Collagenase Activity in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. J Invest Dermatol. 2023 Jun;143(6):881-883. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1652. Epub 2023 Apr 22. PMID: 37086217. 13: Lee CC, Tsai CH, Chen CH, Yeh YC, Chung WH, Chen CB. An updated review of the immunological mechanisms of keloid scars. Front Immunol. 2023 Mar 22;14:1117630. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117630. PMID: 37033989; PMCID: PMC10075205. 14: Tseng WY, Stacey M, Lin HH. Role of Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Immune Dysfunction and Disorder. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 13;24(6):5499. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065499. PMID: 36982575; PMCID: PMC10055975. 15: Chen YT, Lin CW, Chou YE, Su SC, Chang LC, Lee CY, Hsieh MJ, Yang SF. Potential impact of ADAM-10 genetic variants with the clinical features of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med. 2023 Apr;27(8):1144-1152. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.17728. Epub 2023 Mar 22. PMID: 36946281; PMCID: PMC10098292. 16: Huang YH, Chang LC, Chang YC, Chung WH, Yang SF, Su SC. Compositional Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Psoriasis Treated with IL-23 and IL-17 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 26;24(5):4568. doi: 10.3390/ijms24054568. PMID: 36902001; PMCID: PMC10002560. 17: Su SC, Hsin CH, Lu YT, Chuang CY, Ho YT, Yeh FL, Yang SF, Lin CW. EF-24, a Curcumin Analog, Inhibits Cancer Cell Invasion in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma through Transcriptional Suppression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Expression. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Mar 1;15(5):1552. doi: 10.3390/cancers15051552. PMID: 36900342; PMCID: PMC10000445. 18: Liu Y, Wang CW, Chen CB, Yu KH, Wu YJ, Choon SE, Chang WC, Yang F, Luo XQ, Chung WH, Zhao M, Lu QJ. DNA methylation of ITGB2 contributes to allopurinol hypersensitivity. Clin Immunol. 2023 Mar;248:109250. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109250. Epub 2023 Feb 3. PMID: 36738816. 19: Wu IW, Wu YL, Yang HY, Hsu CK, Chang LC, Twu YC, Chang YL, Chung WH, Yang CW, Hsieh WP, Su SC. Deep immune profiling of patients with renal impairment unveils distinct immunotypes associated with disease severity. Clin Kidney J. 2022 Sep 7;16(1):78-89. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfac196. PMID: 36726440; PMCID: PMC9871851. 20: Chiu CY, Chang KC, Chang LC, Wang CJ, Chung WH, Hsieh WP, Su SC. Phenotype- specific signatures of systems-level gut microbiome associated with childhood airway allergies. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2023 Jan;34(1):e13905. doi: 10.1111/pai.13905. PMID: 36705037. 21: Huang YF, Su SC, Chuang HY, Chen HH, Twu YC. Histone deacetylation-regulated cell surface Siglec-7 expression promoted megakaryocytic maturation and enhanced platelet-like particle release. J Thromb Haemost. 2023 Feb;21(2):329-343. doi: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.11.007. Epub 2022 Dec 22. PMID: 36700509. 22: Wu PC, Huang IH, Wang CW, Chung WH, Chen CB. Severe cutaneous adverse reactions after COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review. Allergy. 2023 May;78(5):1383-1386. doi: 10.1111/all.15642. Epub 2023 Jan 27. PMID: 36627233. 23: Lu CW, Pang JS, Ko YS, Chang CJ, Wang CW, Chen WT, Chen CB, Hui RC, Hung SI, Lu LY, Lu KL, Wang CL, Wu CE, Hsu PC, Fang YF, Li SH, Ko HW, Tseng LC, Shih FY, Chen MJ, Chung WH. Zinc deficiency associated with cutaneous toxicities induced by epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023 Feb;37(2):328-339. doi: 10.1111/jdv.18703. Epub 2022 Nov 16. PMID: 36366861. 24: Hung YT, Chen YW, Huang Y, Lin YJ, Chen CB, Chung WH. Acute graft-versus- host disease presenting as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: A retrospective cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023 Apr;88(4):792-801. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.10.035. Epub 2022 Oct 22. PMID: 36280000. 25: Hung YT, Chung WH, Chen CB. Zinc Supplementation for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor-Related Periocular Dermatitis. Dermatitis. 2023 Sep- Oct;34(5):454-455. doi: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000851. Epub 2023 Jan 2. PMID: 35170522.